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Boerne Chapter

Desired future conditions apply to more that just the aquifer

By Delmar Cain

In July representatives of the Cow Creek Groundwater Conservation District met with representatives from other groundwater districts from surrounding counties as part of the Groundwater Management Area 9 to decide what our aquifer levels should be in 2060.

At that meeting I first heard of the concept of “desired future condition” (DFC) or what we want something to be or look like at some time in the future.  Although it was used at the GMA 9 meeting in the context of future aquifer levels, I was intrigued at its application to another area.

In the Introduction to his useful reference book, “Wildflowers of the Texas Hill Country”, Marshall Enquist quotes from an account by Texas Ranger, James Gillett, who wrote about his experiences in “Six Years with the Texas Rangers, 1875-1881” (University of Nebraska Press and Yale University Press, 1976).  Gillett, who spent most of his time as a ranger in the Hill Country, called it “an earthly paradise.”  “In the Springtime, one could travel for hundreds of miles on a bed of flowers…How happy I am now in my old age that I am a native Texan and saw the grand frontier before it was marred by the hand of man.”

Close up image of green plant with tiny white seeds
Scale-seed

The spring of 2010 was a memorable one with a vast array of wildflowers along our highway right of ways and in some of the managed and unmanaged fields adjoining the roads.  Many of our neighbors complemented the right of ways and the fields with their own carpets of Bluebonnets, or of Indian Blankets or of Coreopsis.  Along the right of ways I noticed flowers that I had not seen in the five years that we have lived here, including Basket-Flower, white Standing Winecup and the rich purple blooms of the Western Ironweed.

I spent extra time perusing wildflower reference websites and sending excited emails with attached images to my local experts, Bill Ward and Lottie Millsaps, who verified that I had located Nerve-Ray, or the tiny flowered climbing vine, Cynanchum, or the creamy yellow Texas Star also most appropriately named the Lindheimer Daisy. The eye-catching beauty of many of these wild natives assures me that they will demand a place in the “desired future condition.”

Striped caterpillar on a twig
Black Swallowtail larva on Scale-seed.

But I do wonder about those less showy plants, which generally occupy a much less visible place in our landscapes.  For example, the Scale-seed may have been in my yard for the previous five years before last spring—but I never saw it.  It is thin and lacey and doesn’t appear to have a bloom large enough for me to photograph.  The small knobs on the end of the branches probably are not one-eighth of an inch in diameter and the whole plant would surely fit in the category of weed to almost anyone armed with a weed-eater.

Frankly, I would not have noticed the plant had it not had a very colorful visitor—a strikingly beautiful black and yellow larva.  Once I saw the plant and the others nearby, I noticed that each had a similar visitor.

Black butterfly with yellow markings on a purple flower.
Black Swallowtail butterfly

Lottie Millsaps advised me that the plant was Scale-seed, a dill-like member of the carrot family and one of the food plants for the larva of the Black Swallowtail Butterfly.  Had I been a precision gardener with no tolerance for the unknown, I would have missed this opportunity to observe the unexpected connection between a small delicate plant and a very showy butterfly.

We may never get back to the carpet of flowers that Ranger Gillett observed in 1875-1881.  But, as Kendall County grows in the next 50 years, I hope that a significant portion of our citizens will work to see that our “desired future condition” includes not only the wild beauty along our roads and fields, but also a place for the “unexpected connections” to continue.

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About the Region

New Braunfels, the location of our Fall 2024 Symposium, straddles both the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion and the Blackland Prairie ecoregion. Interstate 35 divides the city of New Braunfels; its path through the city closely parallels the boundary of these two ecoregions, with the Edwards Plateau on the west side and the Blackland Prairies region to the east. The Edwards Plateau area is also called the Hill Country; however, this general term covers a much larger area extending farther north. Spring-fed creeks are found throughout the region; deep limestone canyons, rivers, and lakes (reservoirs) are common. Ashe juniper is perhaps the most common woody species found throughout the region. Additional woody species include various species of oak, with live oak (Quercus fusiformis) being the most common. Sycamores (Platanus occidentalis) and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) border waterways. This area is well known for its spring wildflower displays, though they may be viewed in spring, late summer, and fall, as well. According to Texas Parks and Wildlife, average annual rainfall in the Edwards Plateau ranges from 15 to 34 inches.

The Blackland Prairie extends from the Red River south to San Antonio, bordered on the west by the Edwards Plateau and the Cross Timbers, and on the east by the Post Oak Savannah. Annual rainfall averages 30 to 40 inches, with higher averages to the east. This region is dominated by prairie species. The most common grass species include little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) in the uplands and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the riparian areas and drainages. Common herbaceous flowering plants include salvias, penstemons, and silphiums. This area has suffered greatly from overgrazing and agricultural use. Few intact areas remain, though many of the plants can be found along county roadsides throughout the region.

Our four host chapters (New Braunfels, Lindheimer, Guadalupe, and the Hill Country chapters) are located in one or both of the ecoregions above. However, the eastern portion of Guadalupe County also falls within the Post Oak Savanna ecoregion. Annual rainfall averages 35 to 45 inches, with higher averages to the east. A wide variety of hardwood trees are found, including several species of oaks, elms, and in the Bastrop area, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Grasses and forbs dominate in the open savannas, with most common grass being little bluestem. Ranching, agriculture, and fire suppression have allowed woody species to encroach on the once-open savannas.

Source: Wildflowers of Texas by Michael Eason