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Book Review: The Ferns and Lycophytes of Texas

Donovan Stewart Correll was a prolific Texas botanist and author of numerous articles and books. Correll inspired generations of Texas botanists and in his memory the Native Plant Society of Texas presents an annual award for scientific writing in the area of native plants. This year that award went to George M. Diggs, Jr. and Barney Lipscomb for their book The Ferns and Lycophytes of Texas. This seems especially appropriate since the authors dedicated their book to Correll, whose first major work on Texas botany also concerned ferns and fern-like plants.

Ferns and lycophytes have neither seeds or flowers. They are considered primitive plants on the evolutionary scale. This new book is the first major book on ferns in Texas since Correll’s book was published in 1956 and benefits from advances in science that allow us to understand much more about these plants and how they evolved.

There are 127 known species of ferns and lycophytes in Texas, more than almost any other state. This book contains all of them and includes drawings and color photos, maps showing the distribution in both Texas and North America, and keys for identification. An extensive introduction describes where ferns occur in Texas and how they have adapted to the dryness and conditions of the regions in Texas. There is also a companion online resource.

The book is a good choice for amateur botanists who want to learn more about this interesting group of plants and be able to identify them. It’s only 380 pages and highly affordable. You can obtain it at the BRIT store in Fort Worth or online.

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About the Region

New Braunfels, the location of our Fall 2024 Symposium, straddles both the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion and the Blackland Prairie ecoregion. Interstate 35 divides the city of New Braunfels; its path through the city closely parallels the boundary of these two ecoregions, with the Edwards Plateau on the west side and the Blackland Prairies region to the east. The Edwards Plateau area is also called the Hill Country; however, this general term covers a much larger area extending farther north. Spring-fed creeks are found throughout the region; deep limestone canyons, rivers, and lakes (reservoirs) are common. Ashe juniper is perhaps the most common woody species found throughout the region. Additional woody species include various species of oak, with live oak (Quercus fusiformis) being the most common. Sycamores (Platanus occidentalis) and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) border waterways. This area is well known for its spring wildflower displays, though they may be viewed in spring, late summer, and fall, as well. According to Texas Parks and Wildlife, average annual rainfall in the Edwards Plateau ranges from 15 to 34 inches.

The Blackland Prairie extends from the Red River south to San Antonio, bordered on the west by the Edwards Plateau and the Cross Timbers, and on the east by the Post Oak Savannah. Annual rainfall averages 30 to 40 inches, with higher averages to the east. This region is dominated by prairie species. The most common grass species include little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) in the uplands and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the riparian areas and drainages. Common herbaceous flowering plants include salvias, penstemons, and silphiums. This area has suffered greatly from overgrazing and agricultural use. Few intact areas remain, though many of the plants can be found along county roadsides throughout the region.

Our four host chapters (New Braunfels, Lindheimer, Guadalupe, and the Hill Country chapters) are located in one or both of the ecoregions above. However, the eastern portion of Guadalupe County also falls within the Post Oak Savanna ecoregion. Annual rainfall averages 35 to 45 inches, with higher averages to the east. A wide variety of hardwood trees are found, including several species of oaks, elms, and in the Bastrop area, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Grasses and forbs dominate in the open savannas, with most common grass being little bluestem. Ranching, agriculture, and fire suppression have allowed woody species to encroach on the once-open savannas.

Source: Wildflowers of Texas by Michael Eason